Advanced Nursing

With the development of more advanced ways to deliver consumer centered quality health care services the traditional professional roles of nurse and doctor are being transformed. The shift from provider driven to consumer driven health care system anticipated a change in traditional ethical, cultural, and structural doctrine of professions in the system.As such, there is distinct shift in organization and culture of nursing profession, which includes the way nurses are educated, development of new nursing competencies, Code of Ethics, and a Code of Conduct, influences of human rights movement, opportunity policy, and legislation.There have been quite a number of speculations and criticism behind the establishment of advanced nursing practice but generally a lot of potential and promises have been seen from this profession.   Proof of this is that States such as Kansas have since revised their laws concerning the practice since 1999, and has generated positive responses thus far (â €Å"Nurse Practice Act changes to be introduced in 1999†, 1999).Similar cases in which there was an increase in the number of advanced nursing Practitioners has also been noted in States like Connecticut, where a community of APNs started their own discussion group until they found that their population has increase since they were established in the late 1990’s (Capobianco, 1999).Definition of Advanced Nursing PracticeAdvanced nursing practice at its simplest, is the attainment of further education, caring skills and field of practice of registered nurses.   Those who are undergoing advanced nursing practice posses a master’s or even a doctorate degree in nursing, and in doing so may entitle themselves to additional certification examinations.The practitioners of Advanced Nursing Practice are called Advanced Practice Nurses or APNs may also take the task of Certified Nurse Midwife (CNM), Nurse Practitioner (NP), Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) or Certified Re gistered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) whenever required.   They may also administer primary health care, perform mental health services, diagnose and prescribe medicine, do some scientific research and finally they can also teach in medical and nursing schools.As with other professions, examinations are conducted to earn and maintain licenses which some professionals claim as almost like trying to acquire a medical practice license (â€Å"Advanced Practice Nursing†, 2006).Another definition of advanced nursing practice comes from Jeffrey Bauer, one of the authors of Telemedicine and the Reinvention of Healthcare: The Seventh Revolution in Medicine.   He defines advanced practice nursing as not just the attainment of higher education and training of a nurse but also the pursuit of excellence through the six foundations of professional autonomy.Bauer also noted that APNs can manage their own clinical practice and that they are probably the solution for the country’s ever present shortage of health care practitioners (Sharp, 2000).Brown (2003) in the position statement defines advanced practice nursing as â€Å"an umbrella term appropriate for a licensed registered nurse prepared at the graduate degree level †¦ with specialized knowledge and skills that are applied within a broad range of patient populations in a variety of practice settings.The competencies of specialists include the ability to assess, conceptualize, diagnose, and analyze complex problems related to health. Credentials for a specialist require current licensure as a registered nurse, at least a master's degree in nursing, current national certification in the advanced practice area, and approval by the board of nursing,† (Brown, 2003, p. 391).As such, even though there is a variety of definitions that are used by scholars to define advanced nursing practice, there are three crucial features that distinguish advanced practice nursing from a regular registered nurse: grad uate level advanced education, strong relevant and specific theoretical base, professional application of theoretical knowledge in a day to day practice.Definition and Roles of a Nurse PractitionerA nurse practitioner (NP) is an advanced practicing nurse, whose practice is focused on services that meet the general needs of community, individuals, families and groups. NP is one of the four types of dances practicing nurses, the other three – certified nurse midwife, certified registered nurse anesthetist, and clinical nurse specialist normally concentrate on a specific area of health, such as cancer care, gerontology, mental or national health (Hickey, 2000).  High level of demand for nurse practitioners that is caused by economic efficiency of these specialists as compared with doctors is a factor of the roles and focus of services provided by NP.When it comes to speaking about the scope of roles attributed to a nurse practitioner, they are broad. Earlier definitions addres s health promotion and disease prevention as well as involve diagnosis and management of common illnesses alongside with stable chronic diseases.Nurse practitioner’s roles also include ordering, conducting, and interpreting laboratory tests alongside with prescriptions, treatments, and therapies. The general roles must then be matched with the specific theoretical background of a nurse practitioner and the field of practice (Raingruber, 2003).As such, the focus of the nursing practitioners’ roles is on chronic health care treatment, performance of parental, child care, well-woman and adult care check ups, and, finally, health promotion and teaching alongside with disease prevention.Primary attention is given lately to patient – nurse practitioner relationships and the scope of NP roles in a given situation. Firstly, scholars emphasize advocacy relationships between the two, as there is a conflict between NP’s freedom to practice and patients’ right s and interests in health care settings.Ellen W. Bernal (2002) emphasizes the importance of friendly relationships between patients and medical personnel and the role of a nurse practitioner as a patients’ advocate. Under this view, NPs are to identify unsafe and unethical practices and at the same time maintain own autonomy in order to be able to openly stand up to moral and ethical dilemmas.At the same time, the need to maintain treatment boundaries within the nurse client relationship is also one of the roles of nurse practitioners. As nurse find themselves working in different therapeutic settings working on his/her own or as a member of   a team, the boundaries of client relationships are often a subject to testing (Peternelj-Taylor, & Yonge, 2003).As such, one of the roles of NP is to adequately respond to the testing within the boundaries of professional integrity. Even though there is a large amount of literature addressing therapeutic treatment boundaries for nurse practitioners, it is impossible to address every situation and the issue still remains to be up to nurses’ consent, whereas the role of NP is to establish and maintain working boundaries in patient relationships.Professional Issues Surrounding Advanced Nursing PracticePerhaps, the hottest issue surrounding current ANP is the blurring line between being a doctor and ANP. To be more specific, ANPs feel as though their â€Å"territory† is slowly being intruded by APNs, which they believe is outrageously unfair for them who have the â€Å"proper† and â€Å"real† right to administer medical attention to patients.A drastically increasing number of ANPs in the United States, which doubled within the past 10 years and, under the most modest predictions, is likely to double within the next 4 years. The scope of the issue is broad, as in more then half of the states ANPs are allowed to practice without any distinct requirement for physician supervision or collabor ation (Mccabe & Burman, 2006).Going even further then this, as nurses have authority to prescribe some drugs and are eligible for Medicaid reimbursement in every state – it is economically unreasonable for patients, whose focus shifted towards sustaining medicine and health care, to pay for considerably more expensive medical services provided by a physician. As such, there is a conflict between the roles of physicians and APNs, which leads to uncertainty and deprives medical students to pursue additional education.Thus, a way in which this matter can be solved is by putting a limit on what an APN can and cannot do by setting-up a set of guidelines and regulations that will clearly state the roles of the physician and APN so that arguments like these would be avoided (Edmunds, 1999).It should be further pointed out, that the issue is very challenging, as there is a need to issue federal level guidelines and, perhaps, even regulates market economically in order to resolve the current argument.Other professional issues surrounding Advanced Nursing Practice are related to patient-nursing roles, Ethical Code of Ethics and a Code of Conduct that define nursing behavior in a given situation. Being complicated and complex previously, they become a subject to even wider interpretation as a result of blurring difference between the roles of physician and APN, as they question the current hierarchy in health organizations and current reimbursement policy in health institutions.ConclusionNurses are the backbone of the industry and thus it should be equated that a strong backbone is required for the integrity of the industry. Unfortunately, inability of government to establish in a timely manner guidelines for advanced nursing practice results in a conflict between the roles of a physician and a nurse practitioner, which leads to uncertainty and potential misconduct.And still, it is clear that the advantages and benefits of advanced nursing practices far outweigh i ts consequences.   It should also be noted that there are boundaries and limits that are established between the two professions and that any argument regarding these should be settled in a much rather mild-mannered and professional way.   After all, professionalism is all about work and anything that is taken personally should be shrugged off.ReferencesAdvanced nursing practice update. (1999). Kansas State Nurses Association. Retrieved July 31, 2006 from http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3940/is_199906/ai_n8877228/printAdvanced Practice Nursing. (15 July 2006). Retrieved July 31, 2006 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Practice_NurseBernal, E. W. (2002). The Nurse as Patient Advocate. The Hastings Center Report, 22(4), 18.Brown, M.A., & Draye, M.A. (2003). Experiences of pioneer nurse practitioners in establishing advanced practice roles. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 35(4), 391-397.Capobianco, M. (1999). Advanced practice nursing in the northwest: â€Å"Th ere's a lot happening in our little corner of the state†. Connecticut Nursing News. Sept/Nov.   Retrieved July 31, 2006 from http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3902/is_199909/ai_n8853925/printEdmunds, Marilyn W. (1999). Increasing professional tension limits NP opportunities. Springhouse Corporation. Retrieved July 31, 2006 from   Ã‚  http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3958/is_199905/ai_n8851221/printHickey, J. V. (2000). ANCC Responds. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 36(1), 33.Mccabe, S., & Burman, M. E. (2006). A Tale of Two APNs: Addressing Blurred Practice Boundaries in APN Practice. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 42(1), 3.Nurse Practice Act changes to be introduced in 1999. Kansas Nurses.   Jan. 1999.Peternelj-Taylor, C. A., & Yonge, O. (2003). Exploring Boundaries in the Nurse-Client Relationship: Professional Roles and Responsibilities. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 39(2), 55.Raingruber, B. (2003). Nurture: The Fundamental Significance o f Relationship as a Paradigm for Mental Health Nursing. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 39(3), 104.Sharp, Nancy. (2000). â€Å"The 21st century belongs to nurse practitioners†. Nurse Practitioner, April, 2000.

Supporting Positive Behaviour

1. 1 Describe the Policies and Procedures of the setting relevant to promoting Children and Young People’s positive behaviour. Every setting should have a behaviour policy, in England, it is a legal requirement for early years setting. This is a document to promote a positive behaviour of children and adults involved in the setting, it will help all staff to know what we should do in different situations.As a part of this policy there will also be procedures for staff to follow, such as, showing respect to children and other adults or, giving a explanation to the child who is finding it difficult to observe boundaries or, being a positive role model with appropriate behaviour. Also, the policy should detail the strategies that will never be used in the setting. The codes of conduct relate to the behaviour of staff as well as the behaviour of children. These must be managed in a manner appropriate for children age, stage of development and individual needs.For the staff, the co de of conduct will include, for example, keeping calm to stop children hurting each other or behaving in a unsafe way, such as, listening to both sides of the story in a conflict or, not make any negative comments in front of the children. For children, the codes of conduct are about playing safely, respecting others or taking turns. These codes are discussed with children making a Golden Rules, for example, please walk no running or we should share toys with our friends; this helps them to take responsibility for their behaviour and they feel part of the process.To support children’s positive behaviour we will use Rewards, it is based on the idea that, if they receive approval, they are likely to want to repeat that behaviour There are many types of rewards that work well with children. Praise is a very effective way of reinforcing positive behaviour, saying to children ‘well done’ or ‘good boy/girl’ helps them to know that they have shown positive behaviour and stating clearly what it is that is good, e. g. ‘Thank you for sharing the toy, that was very kind’. Attention is one of the best ways of reinforcing positive behaviour.Making eye contact, smiling or nod, it helps the child to know that we have seen what they have done. In my setting, at the end of each session, teachers ask children who has followed the golden rules that day and they get a smiley face. The children are invited to sit in the fairytale chair or on the fairytale step. Sanctions will help us to respond to inappropriate behaviour. For example, saying ‘no’ in a quiet but firm way or, explaining the consequences of actions to their level of understanding helps children to understand why they must no carry on with their behaviour.Rewards and Sanctions should be used appropriately and fairly. For dealing with conflict and inappropriate behaviour we may use different strategies to show that we can manage that situation. For example, ign oring the behaviour, if children are not getting any response from the adult, they will then change what they are doing, when they stop that behaviour we must give them plenty of positive attention. To removal equipment, this sends a message to children that what they are doing is not acceptable or safe. Also we can use facial expression to make children realise that what they are doing is not acceptable.Guidance on inclusion will be a tool to collate all policy relating to all children with additional needs as Special Education Needs or, Gifted and Talented, also the nursery has a policy of having available to all, a variety of items which reflect the cultural diversity of our country. The nursery displays many pictures and posters of children and people from all areas of the world to reflect the inclusion policy. There are many puzzles and other materials available which reflect our diverse society. We want children recognise that certain actions are right and that other are wrong .Children must be encouraged to recognise that bullying, fighting or hurting are not acceptable behaviour and they will not be tolerated. Anti-bullying policy is to ensure that children learn in a safe, supportive and caring environment, without fear of being bullied. Bullying is a complex issue and takes many forms (racial, sexual, disability,†¦ ). It can be physical, verbal or emotional and can be cause serious psychological damage. A child often bullies for a reason, it is important to try to find out why a child may be bullying others, usually a child that is bullying has some personal difficulty that needs addressing.Biting policy will follow in the event of a child being bitten. Biting is a form of behaviour that is particularly prevalent in children whose language skills are only just developing and can often be an expression of frustration because they cannot yet express their feeling and it can become a habit. In this cause we must act immediately, to explain to the bi ting child why biting is unacceptable, that it hurts the other child and show the mark. Remove the biting child from the circumstances and keep him busy at all times. We will always inform the parents about the incident and should keep confidentiality.Attendance policy is usually part of a school’s code conduct because children’s education can be affected if they do not attend regularly or are often later for lessons, being absent from the school means a lost learning opportunity. To ensure that each child is encouraged to attend from the first day that they enrol at reception. However, in an early years setting, this is not likely to be part of a behaviour policy. In any case, there must be a time control input and output. 1. 2 In your own words describe what your setting behaviour policy expects from adults and children.In my setting we believe that children grow up best when their personal, social and emotional needs are met and where there are clear expectations fo r their behaviour. The aim is to teach children to behave in socially acceptable ways and to understand the needs and rights of others. To help children to learn to empathise with others, understanding that they have feelings too. Where children behave in inconsiderate way, we help them to understand the outcomes of their action and support them in learning how to cope more appropriately.All staff, volunteers and students must provide a positive role model of behaviour by treating children, parents and one another with friendliness, care and courtesy. Also we must use positive strategies to resolve any inconsiderate behaviour, by helping children to find solutions in ways are appropriate for their age and stage of development. We must be calm and patient helping to manage children’s feelings. 1. 3 Describes with examples the importance of all staff consistently and fairly applying boundaries and rules for children and young people’s behaviour.It is very important that all staff consistently and fairly apply boundaries and rules for children’s and young people’s behaviour. For example, if we want to teach children that they must eat sitting and not playing, all staff must apply the same rules every single day in the lunch time, not allowing toys and remind them to sit down when they stand up, because if children with a staff member can run and play while they eat but with another member they must eat sitting. They are confused about this change in the rules from one day to another and they cannot know which behaviour is the correct.

Cisco’s Web Enablement Essay

CEO John Chambers believed that â€Å"by providing the end-to-end network plumbing, we can change the way entire companies and industries operate. † How did Cisco’s IT web-enablement initiatives reinforce and demonstrate that belief? Explain your answer with examples. Cisco began web development in early 1990s. Cisco invested around $100 million to web-enable all the applications using standard set of tools and smart group of people. Most of the interactions with customers, partner and suppliers were network-based and began at Cisco’s home page which allowed them to do business with Cisco more efficiently and effectively. Below are some of the examples of the intranet and internet applications that were built part of this initiative: Intranet Applicationss: Employee Self-Service & Communication and distance learning: Cisco’s corporate intranet, Cisco Employee Connection, a centralized portal to access the information, tools and resources needed to streamline processes, facilitate knowledge exchange and maximize employee productivity met the unique needs of 40,000 plus employees. Training modules were available to employees to be trained from their desktops through the distance learning application. The usage of training modules was tracked to improve the quality and its effectiveness. Personalized home pages using ‘My Yahoo! ’ retrieved information from the internet based on user preferences and pushed it to their desktops. Cisco’s quarterly meetings were available for employees to be viewed from their desktop. This not just doubled the attendance but also enhanced the Cisco’s culture of maintaining a strong relationship with each employee. Internet Applications: Customer Self-service through website Cisco’s customer self-service portal built on Cisco. com, a comprehensive, web-based, online resource for information and networked application, was the primary vehicle for delivering responsive, around the clock support for its customers. They relied on Cisco. com to get their questions answered, diagnose network problems, provided solutions and expert assistance worldwide. It was translated into 17 languages for international customers. Cisco’s customers were highly satisfied and enjoyed the lower cost of doing business with Cisco than those who do not used internet based applications to support. Net commerce through the web: Cisco was an early pioneer in using the internet for full electronic commerce. Customer could place and track their orders using Cisco. com. As of January 2001, internet-commerce-based revenue represented 92% of the total revenue base. Productivity gains of 60% for Cisco and 20% for Customers and resellers were being realized through online commerce. Besides the above examples there were other intranet and internet based applications which increased the productivity of its employees and improved supply chain process & customer satisfaction. Thus the above web-enabled systems reinforce and demonstrate the CEO’s belief of changing how companies and business operate. It was very clear that Cisco was successful in the principles of using internet in doing general business.

Product launched discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Product launched discussion - Essay Example The business is a specialty food store that offers bakery and pastry products, fresh produce, fresh meat and seafood, condiments and package food, and cheese and specialty dairy products. The firm has a lot of food products that can be eaten at the moment. There is a need for the company to offer other types of food products that have a longer lifetime shell life. By introducing a new line of food products that that are prepared and frozen the customer can take home put it in the freezer and eat it at a later time. The new product can help the company achieve sales growth. In order to evaluate the Kudler Food a brief SWOT analysis has been a prepared. A SWOT is a marketing analytic tool that evaluates the internal and external environment of the firm (Kotler, 2003). One of the strengths of Kudler Fine Food store is that it offers a wide variety of fresh food products. The company has a good management team and over 13 years of experience in the food industry. A weakness of the busine ss model is that the firm has only three locations. The company cannot achieve the benefits of economies of scale due to its small size.

J. Alfred Prufrock Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

J. Alfred Prufrock - Essay Example It is possible to trace the major patterns of abstract images related to time, inertia, sickness, fear and failure in the poem. When taken as a whole, all these may be seen as the contributive aspects of the unpromising prospects of human relationships. The â€Å"you and I† of the poem remain undefined until the end of the poem, but the psyche of the speaker, â€Å"I† is characterized by the image of a â€Å"patient etherized upon a table†. The image of sickness and inertia overshadows the whole poem. The â€Å"half-deserted streets†, â€Å"muttering retreats† and the winding streets hrough which the disintegrated self of the narrator walks leads to â€Å"an overwhelming question† which reminds one of Mathew Arnold’s Dover beach, where a similar question, seemingly on love, raises the reader’s expectations momentarily. But the emphasis is shifted to somewhere else, when he mentions like a refrain, The narrator’s indecision regarding the social mingling and the eventual meeting of these women are expressed in the latter part of the poem, though the reason for his indecision and fear are not properly accounted for. It seems that the image of the women and that of their talking about art are just representations of a pretentious life that the narrator is unable to cope with, or rise up to, and these images are presented in a specific order so that they constitute more towards the rationale of the theme than any logical reasoning. Hence it is possible to analyze these images as part of the impressionistic technique that modernist poets followed. F.R Leavis , after his question â€Å"Can this be poetry†, quotes these lines and observes: â€Å"And yet there are passages that, for all their oddness of imagery and tone, do not immediately condemn themselves as ‘unpoetical’ even by anthological standards† (Leavis, 66). Even for the contemporary reader who has an overview and clear

J ainbury Plc marketing reearch and information need Research Paper

J ainbury Plc marketing reearch and information need - Research Paper Example ThÐ µ aim of thiÃ'• Ã'•tudy iÃ'• to explore thÐ µ orgÐ °niÃ'•ation'Ã'• approach to thÐ µ collection of environmental data Ð °nd market intelligence Ð °nd thÐ µ orgÐ °niÃ'•ation Ã'•elected iÃ'• J Ð…ainÃ'•bury Plc. Brief critical appraiÃ'•al will be done for J Ð…ainÃ'•bury, recommendationÃ'• for improvementÃ'• will be provided.A marketing oriented firm (alÃ'•o called the marketing concept, or conÃ'•umer focuÃ'•, or cuÃ'•tomer focuÃ'•) iÃ'• one that allowÃ'• the wantÃ'• and needÃ'• of cuÃ'•tomerÃ'• and potential cuÃ'•tomerÃ'• to drive all the firm'Ã'• Ã'•trategic deciÃ'•ionÃ'•. The firm'Ã'• corporate culture iÃ'• Ã'•yÃ'•tematically committed to creating cuÃ'•tomer value. The rationale iÃ'• that the more a company underÃ'•tandÃ'• and meetÃ'• the real needÃ'• of itÃ'• conÃ'•umerÃ'•, the more likely it iÃ'• to have happy cuÃ'•tomerÃ'• who come back for more, and tell their friendÃ'•. ThiÃ'• proceÃ'•Ã'• can entail the foÃ'•tering of long term relationÃ'•hipÃ'• with cuÃ'•tomerÃ'•. In order to determine cuÃ'•tomer wantÃ'•, the company uÃ'•ually needÃ'• to conduct Ã'•ome form of marketing reÃ'•earch. Overall, the marketer expectÃ'• that becoming marketing oriented, if done correctly, will provide the company with a Ã'•uÃ'•tainable competitive advantage.The concept of marketing orientation waÃ'• developed in the late 1960Ã'• and early 1970Ã'• at Harvard UniverÃ'•ity and at a handful of forward thinking companieÃ'•. It replaced the previouÃ'• Ã'•aleÃ'• orientation that waÃ'• prevalent between the mid 1950Ã'• and the early 1970Ã'•, and the production orientation that predominated prior to the mid 1950Ã'•.. ince the concept wa firt introduced in the late 1960, it ha been modified, repackaged, and renamed a "cutomer focu", "the marketing philoophy", "market driven", "cutomer intimacy", "conumer focu", "cutomer dr iven", and "the marketing concept". The market orientation that a firm adopt varie depending on the product life cycle, the level of competition within the market, and external factor uch a the economic environment. Companie are likely to modify their market orientation over the life cycle of a particular product, and it i common for a ingle company to have different product with different orientation. There i no one orientation that i appropriate for all product, and the changing environment and global market in which today' companie operate mean that orientation are likely to undergo rapid change. Depite the importance that market orientation

Compare and contrast an RFP with an RFQ. Briefly discuss under what Essay

Compare and contrast an RFP with an RFQ. Briefly discuss under what circumstances would you use each in an IT project - Essay Example A request for quotation is suitable for obtaining or sourcing supplies that are standardized as well as produced in a repetitive quality and quantities. It is used when the buyer has a list of pre-determined suppliers who have the technical specifications and commercial requirements for a product or service (Kappauf, Lauterbach & Koch, 2011). A request for proposal (RFP) is also a procurement document that a purchasing organization uses when it has a procurement problem, but it does not know how it wants to solve the problem. It is the most formal of a request in a procurement process and has strict rules for timeline, content, and vendor responses. Request for proposal focuses on more than just the cost or pricing of the project or supplies. The purchasing organization tends to seek more information about the manner in which the supplier or contractor will perform the contract. Apart from the cost of the project, the procurement department also seeks more concepts such as the ability of the supplier to meet the required quality as well as the technology a supplier uses. The buyer appraises a supplier or contractor’s ability and capability to perform the project on the basis of quality, financial capacity, technology level, and competence. The procurement department uses all these factors to select the best suppli er or contractor for the contract. A request for proposal tends to notify suppliers of the buyer’s intention to purchase certain goods or services. The buyer gets a formal submission from the selected suppliers to facilitate comparison of the proposals. A request for proposal tends to show that a buyer has a formal as well as a fair procurement process without favoring a certain preferred supplier (Stewart & Stewart,

Reading response LN 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reading response LN 3 - Essay Example If the speaker possesses semantic prowess then they can automatically depict irony and humor in a phrase. Pragmatically, humor may be described as differing from other means of communication as its major purpose lies on amusing its audience. It is evident that humor is proactive as it forms a major part of communication. This results from the fact that people can cooperate to tell jokes. It is through inferences and implicatures as Attardo (2001) indicates that irony is created. This fact validates the fact that irony is pragmatic. Yet another interesting fact is the verity that irony is pragmatic. Attardo (2001) indicates that it is extremely fallacious to view irony as merely a processing of texts and thrusting aside the original meanings. Evidently, the ironical interpretations of irony can be understood immediately even without focusing on the literal meaning (Attardo, 2001). With this in perspective, it is worth validating the verity that irony is pragmatic. Even in statements that are forced to be ironical, the meanings are immediately deduced. However, it is validated to question on what needs to be termed as ironical and what is not ironical. It is also important to inquire what aspect of irony can be described as contextual inappropriate. Is it when the irony does not relay the intended meaning and create general implicature? The author also focuses on the reaction of humor and irony an attempt to assess the various responses that emanate from the same (Attardo, 2001). This aspect is very intriguing as not all persons will appreciate humor and irony. Some persons will choose to ignore, other will laugh while others will continue the humor or irony in question. It is this verity that validates the author’s choice of topic. Humor and irony interrelate but the same is not detected by all persons. The reactions that are displayed

Strategic briefing paper Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategic briefing paper - Case Study Example Analyzing the history of Euro Disney, one can draw connections between the financial issues of Euro Disney and its name, which its bosses were forced to change from Euro Disney to Disneyland Paris because people in Europe linked a word euro with business and finance. In addition, the company was also forced to overturn an alcohol ban as French admired wine and thus, it led to a huge bank bailout in the 90s. The company had also difficult relations with its staff, which protested against a payment freeze and went on striking and marching through the park that caused the first ever cancellation of the famous daily parade (Losing the magic: How Euro Disney became a nightmare, 2010). One of the ways out of such complicated situations is the proposal about recapitalization in order to improve Euro Disney financial position. It will also enable the company to continue making investments in the resort thus increasing the guest experience. In addition, shareholders will have the opportunity to purchase shares issued in the debt conversion and the companys debt will fall taking Euro Disney’s balance sheet from a negative to positive equity position. Disney finance director states, that such operation will strengthen Euro Disney, not de- listing it from the stock market (Holton, 2014). For Disneyland Paris it is essential to formulate a new strategy by setting fresh goals and values, search for the new resources and capabilities, and revise the company’s structure and system. For this purpose, the company should understand how its current structure drives competition, whether it is a changing customers’ demand, changing prices or certain technological change. With the help of diagnostic strategic capability that may be performed by means of value chain analysis or SWOT analysis, the company would consider the development of its availabilities. Besides, the

Rejected Shepherd Essay Example for Free

Rejected Shepherd Essay Introduction The nation of Israel has been waiting for their Messiah for millennia. Prophesied since the days of Adam, promised to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, anticipated by Moses, and lauded by David, the Jewish nation expected Messiah to come in power and glory and to usher in a nearutopian kingdom in which Israel would be an autonomous state. Such a one-sided interpretation of prophecy has caused Israel to miss the suffering Savior of Isaiah 53 and to wander in a spiritual haze for thousands of years. The failure of the Jews to recognize and accept their Messiah was not, however, surprising to God. The last six chapters of the prophecy of Zechariah center on the advent of the Jewish Messiah. Within those chapters, God chronicled many of the events leading up to both the first and second comings of Christ including His rejection by the nation of Israel as a whole. This paper will focus on the details concerning the first coming of Christ and the historical fulfillment of events as foretold by Zechariah. One thing the Israelites did expect to occur with the coming of Messiah was judgment to fall on those nations that persecuted the Jews. The militant Zealots of the first century AD were always watching and ready to fall in behind a king, sword in hand. Many of the other Jews, while maybe not as openly aggressive toward foreign control, eagerly awaited the freedom that would come with the kingdom of Messiah. Chapter nine of the prophecy of Zechariah begins with a declaration that would have sparked the emotion of any Jew that was still recovering from his or her time in Babylonian captivity. Judgment was coming on the nations. Holland 2 CHAPTER TWO. The First Coming of Messiah Judgment of the Nations When looking at prophecies concerning the coming of Christ, it is important to understand that both comings may or may not be in view and that the events described in the prophecy may relate to both comings. This writer would like to focus on those prophecies of Zechariah that have fulfilled historically at the first coming of Christ. Zechariah 9:1-7 describes certain strongholds of the nations surrounding Israel. The first to face the judgment of God are Hadrach and Damascus. There is no clear reference in Scripture or history at to the location of Hadrach, but in his comments on Zechariah 9:1 from his study Bible, MacArthur indicates this might be â€Å"a reference to the dual Medo-Persian kingdom. † Damascus, however, is clearly identified as the capital of Syria, the nation that led the northern kingdom of Israel into captivity. With the judgment on these cities, the Lord included the city of Hamath and the Phoenician cities of Tyre and Sidon. Tyre is mentioned in verses two and three as being â€Å"very skillful† and as having â€Å"heaped up silver like dust, and gold like the dirt of the streets. † The abundant wealth of the city and a parallel prophecy of judgment are recorded in the following from Ezekiel 28:4-7: [B]y your wisdom and your understanding you have made wealth for yourself, and have gathered gold and silver into your treasuries; by your great wisdom in your trade you have increased your wealth, and your heart has become proud in your wealth—therefore thus says the Lord GOD: Because you make your heart like the heart of a god, therefore, behold, I will bring foreigners upon you, the Holland 3 most ruthless of the nations; and they shall draw their swords against the beauty of your wisdom and defile your splendor. Such wealth and wisdom did not spare these cities when the face of God turned toward them in judgment as Tyre was, indeed, stripped of its prosperity just as Zechariah prophesied in 9:4. Verses five and six show the progression of judgment southward through the land of the Philistines. Four of the five major Philistine cites were included in the path of destruction; only Gath was excluded. These cities were said to look on the destruction of Tyre and Sidon in fear and hopelessness (9:5). Afterward, their land was occupied with foreigners, and, according to Expositor’s Bible Commentary , they were stripped of their â€Å"repulsive† idolatrous practices (9:67). The first seven verses of chapter nine chronicle the destruction of the enemies of Israel during the phenomenal conquest of Alexander the Great. The young leader conquered the Syrians bringing an end to the Medo-Persian Empire. After this Alexander went to the Mediterranean coast and carried his conquest south. In his invasion of Palestine, he executed the judgment of God throughout the land. The famous siege of Tyre is testimony to the influence of God behind this pagan ruler. The island city of Tyre seemed impregnable, but using debris from the mainland city, which had been sacked by Nebuchadnezzar some years earlier, Alexander built a causeway and marched his army across the channel and right up to the city walls. Using siege weapons, he broke through the defenses and decimated the city selling tens of thousands into slavery (â€Å"Siege†). From there Alexander marched south and conquered the cities of the Philistines â€Å"killing their national pride† but leaving alive a remnant (MacArthur). Holland 4 With the swift and effective conquest of Alexander, many would find it odd that Jerusalem and Judea was spared. Bible students, however, have a very clear answer for this: God had already said His people would be spared. This leads the discussion into Zechariah 9:8 and the promised preservation of the Jewish nation. Preservation of Israel Great problems arise in the continuity of prophetic Scripture if Israel ever ceases to be a nation. In the midst of calamitous activity around the Jewish nation, Zechariah provided yet another hope for the sons of Jacob. According to verse eight of chapter nine, the mighty hand of God was defending His chosen people. Alexander, according to Jewish tradition, visited Jerusalem after receiving a vision in a dream of the high priest of the Jews. When he arrived at the city and saw the priest as he was in the dream, the young general bowed and knew he would completely conquer Persia (â€Å"Zechariah†). God had certainly spared His people during the conquest of Alexander, but verse eight also indicates the nation of Israel would never be overrun by an invading army. Even a cursory look at history reveals such an event did happen again in 70 AD. That year the Roman general, Titus, sacked Jerusalem, dispersed the Jewish nation, and razed the temple to the ground. The prophecy in verse eight must, therefore, refer to the second coming of Messiah (MacArthur). During the time of the Tribulation, Revelation 7:4 recounts 144,000 Jews will be sealed to live in spite of the intense persecution by Antichrist. Following that period, the Jewish nation will never again be overrun by oppressors. Coming of Messiah Zechariah 9:9-17 seem to be a reference to both comings of Messiah. In verse nine He is referred to as a king â€Å"humbled and riding on a donkey. † This entire verse was directly stated to Holland 5 have been fulfilled in Matthew 21:1-5 and John 12:12-15 when the God of creation rode into Jerusalem on a young donkey to shouts of praise. A glorious picture of Messiah is presented in Zechariah 9:9. He was â€Å"righteous, having salvation, gentle† and rode and animal of peace, not a warhorse. If any of the Jews present at the triumphal entry of Jesus into Jerusalem was familiar with this verse, it is no wonder they lauded Him as king. The puzzling thing is: of those who envisioned Zechariah 9:9 when they saw Jesus enter Jerusalem, how many remembered the later prophecies of Zechariah 11. Since this paper focuses on the words of Zechariah concerning the first coming of Messiah and since 9:10 through 10:12 speak primarily of the second advent and the future establishment of the millennial theocracy, the reader will be directed to the beginning of Zechariah chapter eleven to conclude this look at the fulfilled prophecies of Messiah contained in this book. Rejection of Messiah Chapter eleven opens â€Å"in stark contrast to† the previous chapters (MacArthur). The prophecies of chapters nine and ten that speak of the second coming of Messiah present Him as a glorious king who showers peace and blessing on the people of Israel. Chapter eleven, however, begins with a lament over the destruction of the land of Palestine (1-3). The interpretation of these first three verses is debatable, but they most likely speak of â€Å"the destruction of Jerusalem in A. D. 70 and the subsequent devastation of the whole land, which resulted in the dissolution of the Jewish state† (MacArthur). Such destruction caused those whose lives and livelihoods were firmly planted in the land to wail (Zech. 11:1-3). Isaiah 53:3 recounts the mournful cry of the rejected Servant, Messiah. Likewise, Zechariah 11 states the reason behind the lamentable destruction of verses 1-3: the Shepherd had been rejected by His flock. God gave Zechariah a message he was to role-play in verses 4-6, Holland 6 which the prophet enacted in verses 7-14. The symbolism of these latter verses is important in relating to the actual events of the rejection of Jesus. Zechariah recorded that he went through the process of caring for a flock of sheep. MacArthur relates this literal event to both the feeding of the Word of God by Zechariah and the then-future work of the Shepherd-Messiah. The prophet had two staves, Favor and Union, which were used to tend the flock. The name of each had significance relating to the covenantal relationship between God and the nation of Israel. The first half of Zechariah 11:8 is greatly debated. The rejection of the three shepherds in this verse, according to MacArthur, seems to relate to the removal of the offices of â€Å"priests, elders, and scribes of Israel. . . . God ended the traditional offices of the mediators and in [their] place brought a new priesthood of believers. † The under-shepherds of Israel failed in their duties and actually led the flock to reject the true Shepherd. Because of their rejection, the Shepherd turned His back on the flock and let them devour themselves, which they quite literally did during the siege of Jerusalem in 70 AD (MacArthur). The breaking of the staves in verses ten and fourteen indicate the broken covenant of that generation [although the eternal covenant of God with the Jewish nation is still in tact]. Upon breaking the covenant between Shepherd and sheep, a call was made of payment for services rendered, to which the sheep [literally, the owners of the flock] respond by giving Zechariah the insignificant amount [in value] of 30 pieces of silver, which was hardly worth the time invested with the flock. Zechariah was then instructed to â€Å"throw it to the potter† (Zech. 11:13). This, again, was directly and literally fulfilled in Matthew 27:3-10 when Judas betrayed Jesus for the price of a slave and later threw the money at the priests who, in turn, used it to buy the worthless field in which Judas was eventually buried. Holland 7 CHAPTER THREE Conclusion The prophecies of Zechariah concerning the first coming of Messiah are not without great amounts of irony. The people eagerly awaited the entrance of Messiah, according to the prophecies, but failed to see they would reject Him. [The irony of the 30 pieces of silver being used to purchase the burial field of Judas is another.] The foolish decisions of the Jewish nation have caused them to become largely apathetic toward God and to wonder if Messiah will ever come. They expected a military deliverer and were sent a suffering Servant, whom they wholly rejected. One has to wonder the magnitude of the mourning of Israel when Messiah does come on a white charger to receive His rightful throne (Zech. 12:10). Judgment once came on the nations that had oppressed Israel, and judgment will come again. Israel was once preserved from destruction by the mighty hand of God; Israel will be preserved again. Messiah once entered Jerusalem hailed as a king, and He will enter again prepared to take what is His. The Jews once rejected their Savior. When He comes again, this will not be repeated. Holland 8 Works Cited MacArthur, John Jr. The MacArthur Study Bible. Electronic Ed. Nashville: Word Pub. , 1997. Siege of Tyre. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia . 10 Apr 2007, 23:21 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 20 Apr 2007 . The Holy Bible: English Standard Version. Wheaton: Crossway, 2001. â€Å"Zechariah. † The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: New Testament . CD-ROM. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1998.

Case Study: Bipolar 1 Disorder

Case Study: Bipolar 1 Disorder This case study provides a brief profile of a client referred to as B, followed by an initial diagnosis of B according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV-TR). A discussion of the diagnostic criteria, as applicable to Bs profile is provided and the incidence, course, and outcome of the disorder presented. Bs Profile Bs full profile is presented in appendix 1, but a brief outline of his primary symptoms follows. B is a 40-year old male from a wealthy background. He has a very close relationship with his mother, who struggles with depression. His father has no mental illness and denies that his son does. However, B describes severe episodes of mania, where he becomes involved in impulsive and excessive behaviours such as spending large sums of money or travelling to other countries. He also describes a manic thought pattern, characterised by an influx of ideas that he feels he must act upon. In contrast, B finds that once these episodes disperse he is left with feelings of depression, low self-esteem, and lack of energy. Initial Diagnosis Using DSM-IV-TR, an initial diagnosis for B can be found in the category of mood disorders. In particular, B meets the criteria for Bipolar Disorder, which can be divided into three types: Bipolar 1 Disorder is when the primary symptom is manic or rapid (daily) cycling episodes of mania and depression. Bipolar 2 Disorder is when the primary symptom is depression accompanied by mild manic episodes that are not severe enough to cause marked impairment in functioning. Cyclothymic Disorder is when there is a chronic state of cycling between manic and depressive episodes that do not reach the diagnostic standard for Bipolar Disorder. According to this criteria, Bs diagnosis is that the Bipolar 1 Disorder, whereby manic episodes are characterised by a period of abnormally and persistently elevated mood lasting at least 1-week and where the following symptoms have persisted and been present to a significant degree: increased self-esteem and grandiosity; flight of ideas or subjective experiences and thoughts racing; increase in goal-directed activity socially and occupationally; and excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high potential for painful consequences. Such manic episodes are usually followed by the symptoms characteristic of a major depressive episode, which comprises depressed mood and a loss of interest and pleasure in activities that are usually enjoyed. These symptoms last for at least 2-weeks and cause clinically significant impairment in daily functioning. The following symptoms are also present: fatigue or loss of energy; feelings of worthlessness or guilt; and indecisiveness. B describes episodes of mania that are amazingly intoxicating and give him lots and lots of pleasure and lots of energy and ideas. This energy and abundance of ideas is transferred into Bs work, in part accounting for his professional success, which in turn provides the wealth that supports his manic episodes. For example, B states that During my worse manic periods I have flown from Zurich to the Bahamas and back to Zurich in 3 days to balance the hot and cold weather carrying  £20,000 worth of $100 notes in my shoes. He also describes an array of excessive behaviours likely to have negative consequences, including a  £25,000 shopping spree and a 4 day drug-binge. B further describes the fluctuating intensity of the symptoms of Bipolar Disorder, which comes in different strengths and sizes, expressing that most days I need to be as manic as possible to come as close as I can to destruction, to get a real good high. There is, however, the inevitable crash. This is when B experiences symptoms of depressive episodes when My mind grinds to a halt; I lost all interest in friends, work, eating, drinking, bathing, everything. This is accompanied by a deflation in his self-esteem, accompanied by feelings of inadequacy. Causes of Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder is highly genetic. Indeed, Bs mother has depression and his maternal uncle is described as being highly creative and eccentric. In one study assessing the genetic and environmental contributions to the development of Bipolar Disorder, first-degree relatives of people with Bipolar Disorder (n=40à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹â€ 487) were at significantly increased risk of developing the disorder (Lichtenstein et al., 2009). Heritability has been estimated to range from 59-80%, the higher percentage being obtained from studies of genetic twins (Kieseppa et al., 2004; Lichtenstein et al., 2009). Despite the strong genetic aspect of Bipolar Disorder, the evidence shows that life events, coping skills, and family environment also contribute to symptoms. Bipolar Disorder is not only exacerbated by negative life events, but can also cause them. Indeed, B describes how his cycling moods affect my work and personal relationships and everything around me. His father, who denies that his son has any problems does refer to youthful scrapes that B found himself in during his early teens; signs of Bipolar Disorder often manifest in the adolescent years or early adulthood (Akiskal et al., 2000). Bs fathers denial of his sons diagnosis, which he explains as being high spirits and letting off steam as opposed to any abnormality, raises the question as to how abnormal behaviour is defined when making a diagnosis. The general consensus is that abnormal behaviour deviates from some norm and harms the affected individual or others. This could be a statistical deviation or a deviation from an ideal mental health, as highlighted within conceptual definitions of abnormal behaviour (Sue, Sue Sue, 2006). In terms of statistical deviation, B does present with abnormal behaviour as Bipolar Disorder has a lifetime prevalence of approximately 1.3% in adults, as indicated by worldwide epidemiological studies (Maj et al, 2002; Kleinman et al., 2003). Treatment of Bipolar Disorder Treatment is usually a combination of psychological input and pharmacotherapy, with the aim being to reduce the frequency, severity, and duration of manic and depressive episodes. In some instances, hospitalisation with intensive pharmacological treatment is required to stabilise a person with Bipolar Disorder. Treatments are also often aimed at treating co-morbidities, which are frequently found in people with Bipolar Disorder, where excess behaviours such as binge eating, drinking or drug taking can lead to obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and drug addiction (Morriss Mohammed, 2005; Strudsholm et al., 2005). In one study, 81% of people with Bipolar Disorder also had co-morbidity (Fenn et al., 2005). Psychological treatments with empirical evidence supporting their efficacy include interpersonal social rhythm therapy (IPSRT; Frank, 2005), family-focused therapy (Miklowitz et al., 2003), and cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), all of which encourage the use of medication alongside the psychological treatment (Mansell et al., 2007). IPSRT focuses on training people with Bipolar Disorder to regulate disruptive sleep patterns, which can cause more frequent mood cycling. It also targets issues around daily routines, stress, and interpersonal relationships. CBT, on the other hand, targets the cognitive issues associated with cycling moods, such as over-optimism, feelings of grandiosity, and goal-oriented thinking, all of which can contribute to risky behaviours. Family-focused therapy provides a combination of psycho-education, where the main goal is to teach people with Bipolar Disorder and their families about the nature of the illness and how family dynamics can help or hinder life with Bipolar Disorder. This might be particular relevance to Bs situation since his father remains in denial of his condition and his mother also struggles with depression and has done for a number of years. First line medication is usually lithium, anticonvulsants, or atypical antipsychotics, but it has been found that some people benefit from thyroid augmentation, clozapine, calcium channel blockers, and electroconvulsive therapy (Gitlin, 2006). Some female patients may benefit from hormonal treatments for mania or hypomania, such as tamoxifen or medroxyprogesterone acetate (Kulkarni et al., 2006). The combination of psychological treatment and medication is designed to treat the specific episode of mania or depression, but the objective also needs to be to produce a treatment plan that assists in managing the condition long-term. Conclusions In conclusion, B has been diagnosed with Bipolar 1 Disorder, as indicated by the DSM-IV-TR. In Bs case the condition is likely to be caused from both genetic factors and environmental circumstances, since depression and eccentricity have been reported in his family and his successful career and subsequent wealth provide opportunities that exacerbate the excessive nature of manic episodes. The most efficacious approach to treating B is likely to comprise both psychological and pharmacological approaches. In particular, B is likely to benefit from family-focused therapy that might address his mothers depression and his fathers denial of his diagnosis. Cognitive-behavioural therapy is also likely to provide B with coping tools for when his cognitions are influenced by manic or depressive episodes. It would also be wise to assess for any co-morbidities that need treating as B does refer to drug binges and excess eating and drinking during manic phases. The overall aim of treatment needs to be to provide the foundations for long-term adjustment to living with and managing the condition. Should Children Be Taught Sex Education? Should Children Be Taught Sex Education? Introduction: Sex relationship education (SRE) in schools which often is seen as inappropriate by parents to teach children at a very young age whereas some may agree to the idea of teaching sex education to children at a young age. Some part of the world it seemed to be appropriate. Sex in general is taboo in western society (Alldred, 2016) and a topic not talk about to children even though it is a beneficial topic which have both positive and negative impact on a child`s developing this is why some parents do not want their children to be taught in school at a young age. (ibid) In some places children are not being taught sex education and in more places than ever before including music videos and social media is playing a big part. Children who were taught at a very young are more aware of birth control and how to protect themselves from any harm of disease. This following assignment will explore on the history of sex education, children`s rights to sex education as well as the positive and neg ative impact on whether sex education is taught in schools from young age and onwards. History From the parents perspective, sex education should not be taught in schools this often involved protecting children from the knowledge of sex even throughout history the idea of children being innocent and vulnerable is not new and this dates back to the period of the 7th century onwards. During this time according to Rousseau (Marshall, 1994) all children were born naturally good and innocent with the need to be protected. This is because of the construction of childhood as we still tend to protect our children from the knowledge of sex people used to have a negative message a child who knows anything about se is not innocent he or she is more likely to be corrupt or wicked. (Cited in the British Library, 2016) This was further supported by Robinson, 2013 that a child seeming to have a good understanding about sexuality is seen as non-innocent or even a corrupted child. Positives People often misunderstand the word sex education wrong, it does not necessarily mean sexual intercourse. In fact, sexuality is more about self-image, developing your own identity, gender and learning about your choices and boundaries limitation as well as to protecting yourself from any harm. (Collective Evolution, 2016. While protecting our children can have both positive as well as negative site throughout their life however their health and well-being are at forefront. Therefore children who were taught at a young age are aware of birth control and are less likely to avoid teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections then those who were taught at later age are more vulnerable to pregnancy and only a two-fifths are aware of birth control (Marsiglio and Mott, 1986). Not always has sex education be harmful to the child`s development, as a research has shown according to NSPCC, 2016 one of ways to prevent all these negative impact is to start talking to your child at a very young age even in the house. By starting talking while they are still in primary school this will also develop their understanding of sex as well as encourage to ask question. Not only does sex education gives children a better understanding and knowledge about it as well as where babies come from but also helps them to protect themselves from any harm (Roleff, 1999). Current law and law in general Sex and relationship education is currently compulsory in United Kingdom from age 11 onwards. It includes teaching children about sexuality and sexual health as well as reproduction. It does not involves early sexual activity (DFEE 2000). But only few parts are compulsory which covers the national curriculum for science, parents have the option to withdraw their children from some parts or if they wish all parts of the sex and relationship education if they wish. To make sure the parents understand that the choice to withdraw their children from that lesson, all school must provide a written policy on sex education which should be access able to all parents for free (ibid). Which is also stated in the Education Act 1996 in section 405 and yet sex education is seen as something bad but the current law in the UK which allowed to have sexual intercourse at the age of 16 years to protect the children to have sex under the age of 16 years old. Any type of sexual connection under the age of 13 years is prohibited to have any sort of sexual activity. This way the current law is protecting the children from any abuse and it is important for a child to understand how to protect themselves and have the right to say no (NSPCC, 2016). The current situation in the United Kingdom is children still dont have the right to sex education, schools have to cover the biology part human body and parents have the right to withdraw their children from that on lesson (DFEE 2000) additionally, children do not get the opportunity to get sex education lesson at home and if they do it is not same as the school.The reason behind is that majority of the parents and educator find this topic difficult to teach children (Welsh, 2001) these difficulties simply leads back to the history as well as the culture as it always has been a taboo topic and that is why they are finding difficult and due to the society we are living is playing a big part too (Robinson, 2013). Negative impact Most parents do not think sex education should be taught to children in school from a young age. Parents are also against the limitation of sex knowledge regarding their child due concern that it could lead to explorations into more details concerning sex, child being excited into learning about their sexuality too early, exploring beyond limit that could leading to graphics. (Roleff, 1999) reason behind this is that children who did not had sex education in school are more likely to be the one who are lack of knowledge as well as misunderstanding and unnecessary of fear. (ibid) Conclusion: Although sex education is seen as a negative topic even throughout the history as well as the culture view of point and the society we are living is playing a big part. But has both negative and positive impact on a child`s development. Research has shown that children that were taught sex education in school at a very young age are more aware of birth plan, teenage pregnancy as well as abuse. I personally agree with the Netherlands and other part of the European country that our children should have the right to sex education and encourage them to ask question for their understanding which is also a part of their development then those who did not had sex education are more likely to be the one who are vulnerable and luck of knowledge and skills which also can lead to low esteem and confident. As this education will prepare them to a mature adult life having knowledge about it and be able to protect yourself and not doing anything without your will. Even though parents often refuse to let their children be taught in school, schools are responsible to provide these kind of lesson for the children in school. Therefore I believe sex education should be taught in schools for many reason as mentioned for both positive and negative site. Reference list: Haydon, D. (2002) Childrens rights to sex and sexuality education in Frankin, B.  (2002) The handbook of childrens rights Jenks, C. (2003) Childhood. London,  Routledge DFEE (2000) Sex and Relationships Education Guidance  http://media.education.gov.uk/assets/files/pdf/s/sex%20and%20relationship%20education%20guidance.pdf Ohchr.org. (2016). Convention on the Rights of the Child. [Online] Available at: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CRC.aspx [Accessed 5 Dec. 2016]. Collective Evolution. (2016). In the Netherlands Sex Education Starts in Kindergarten: Heres What They Tell Them & Why. [Online] Available at: http://www.collective-evolution.com/2015/06/22/in-the-netherlands-sex-education-starts-in-kindergarten-heres-what-they-tell-them-why/ [Accessed 6 Dec. 2016]. The British Library. (2016). Perceptions of childhood. [Online] Available at: https://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians/articles/perceptions-of-childhood [Accessed 5 Dec. 2016]. Marshall, J. (1994). John Locke. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Marsiglio, W. and Mott, F. (1986). The impact of sex education on sexual activity, contraceptive use and premarital pregnancy among American teenagers. 1st ed. Guttmacher Institute. NSPCC. (2016). Healthy sexual behaviour in children and young people. [Online] Available at: https://www.nspcc.org.uk/preventing-abuse/keeping-children-safe/healthy-sexual-behaviour-children-young-people/ [Accessed 17 Dec. 2016]. Alldred, P. (2016). Get Real About Sex. [Online] Available at: https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=2MVEBgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=uncrc+children+right+sex+education&ots=Y4zGD3Tf4T&sig=YaECQKIWidLmChsJsrUfsSrrIUo#v=onepage&q=uncrc%20children%20right%20sex%20education&f=false [Accessed 22 Dec. 2016]. Roleff, T. (1999). Sex education. 1st ed. San Diego, Calif.: Greenhaven Press. Robinson, K.H. (2013), Innocence, Knowledge and the Construction of Childhood.  Abingdon: Routledge.

Ascites Is A Special Case In The Medical Geriatric Ward Nursing Essay

Ascites Is A Special Case In The Medical Geriatric Ward Nursing Essay Background I think ascites is a special case in this Medical Geriatric ward, because I saw this only one case of ascites in this four weeks practicum. And it is my first time that care patient with ascites. Therefore, I interest and choose this case for studying the nursing care of ascites. In this total patient care study, I will talk about the information and relevant clinical data about this case, the pathophysiology of ascites, the nursing assessment, care plan within patient hospitalize period 20-21/09/2010, plan for future management, and what I learn from this case. Case presentation Patient X is 72-year-old male. He lives in old age home, chair bound for activities of daily living. He is dependent Comprehensive Social Security Assistance, exsmoker and exdrinker. He was admission to Accident Emergency at 20/09/2010. He complained that increased abdominal distension for 2 days, poor appetite, shortness of breath. Physcial condition: conscious, SaO2 95% under room air, afebrile, chest clear, no ankle edema. His primary diagnosis is cirrhosis and gross ascites. He has chronic renal impairment, diabetes mellitus, alcoholic cirrhosis of liver, and chronic ascites. Last time admitted from 05-07/09/2010 for ascites, therapeutic abdominal tap was done and 1.3L ascites fluid was removed. Ascites is an accumulation of extracellular fluid in the peritoneal cavity abnormally. It is the most common major complication of portal hypertension following liver cirrhosis. Blocking the blood flow through the liver sinusoids to hepatic veins and vena cava lead to increased pressure in the portal venous system. It results in plasma leaks out directly from the liver capsule and the congested portal vein into the peritoneal cavity. In addition, hepatocellular damage reduces the livers ability to synthesize normal amounts of albumin, which may deteriorate by leakage of protein in ascites. The evidence of hypoalbuminemia shows in the blood test that the albumin was 24g/L, which is a low level. Adlosterone cannot activate by liver to stimulate the kidneys to retain sodium and water due to hepatocellular damage. Thus, sodium and water are still retention, and the volume of peritoneal cavity fluid grows continue. In this case, the medical management can be performed to patient X should be paracentesis or abdominal tap. This procedure involves using a thin needle to pull ascites fluid from the abdomen (George Longstreth, 2009). Large-volume paracentensis repeated done in combination with Albumin administered intravenously, which can avoid a sudden drop in blood flow in the arteries and to replace each liter of removed ascitic fluid. The physician prescribed IV administration of Albumin 40g after tapping and 30g. 10500ml milk like in color of ascites fluid was removed. If ascites is recurrent, therapeutic abdominal tap may need to be done every two weeks or more frequently, and need to remove up to 10 liters ascites fluid (Cirrhosis Ascites). Ascitic fluid analysis also done before for provides a sample of fluid for analysis, which help for determine the underlying cause of the ascites. No malignant cell was found. An abdominal x-ray and ultrasonography study was done to comfier the presence of ascites. It may locate fluid in the peritoneal cavity. The result did not show dilated bowel. A low sodium and protein diet with restriction of fluids 1L per day. Edema in the form of ascites brings about shallow breathing and impaired gas exchange, as a result of respiratory compromise. We need to Promote and maintain an effective breathing pattern, Arterial blood gas analysis and pulse oximetry monitor every four hours were ordered. Potassium- sparing diuretic Frusemide tablet 40mg twice a day was prescribed. Nursing assessment In abdominal assessment, inspect for skin integrity (pigmentation, lesions, scars, veins, and umbilicus, etc), contour (flat, rounded, etc), distension, respiratory movement, visible peristalsis, and pulsations. Then to auscultation of the abdomen, warmed the stethoscope and the hands, light pressure act on the stethoscope is sufficient to detect bowel sounds and bruits. Then perform percussion of the abdomen; abdominal percussion is aimed at detecting fluid in the ascites, gaseous distension, and masses within the abdomen. Percuss lightly on abdomen according to auscultation site at each abdominal guardant. The sound will be dull if the ascites is presence. Measure the abdominal girth circumference. Assess the amount of distress leaded by the ascites that ask the patient whether the fluid is interfering with sleeping, eating, and breathing (Head-To-Toe Assessment (R. Abdomen), 2008). Nursing diagnosis Excess fluid volume and deficient fluid volume related to fluid shifts secondary to portal hypertension, hypoalbuminemia. It is a combination of volume problem for patient with ascites. The expected outcomes of this care plan are that a normal balance of fluid in the peritoneal cavity will be maintained as evidenced by normal serum albumin levels, without of hypovolemia, decreased abdominal girth, and normal blood pressure measurement. Electrolyte or acid- base are balance. For nursing intervention, monitor the intake and output of patient daily, and record the IO chart. Output should be equal to or exceed intake. Strictly restrict the patients fluid intake. If possible, administer medication with meals, so mealtime fluids can be used for taking medications. Assess the patients dietary intake and habits that may lead to fluid retention. Limit high sodium intake, because it can lead to increased water retention. Administer albumin and diuretics as physician prescribed. Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and impair sodium excretion by the kidney. Thus, it needs to avoid administering them. Weight the client and measure the patients abdominal girth daily. Closely monitor the patient after paracentesis procedure. To ensure the client has tolerated the procedure well, check the vital signs frequently. Check the dressing carefully to ensure that there are no losing excessive amounts of fluid. Use a pouch to co llect leaking fluid if necessary. Ineffective breathing pattern related to increased intra-abdominal pressure on the diaphragm. The expected outcomes of this care plan are that the patient express relief of feelings of faulty breathing pattern as a result of no shortness of breath and the presence of normal respiratory excursion. Patient has a normal respiratory rate, compared with baseline. (Lynda juall carpenito-moyet) For nursing intervention, position the client in a high-Fowler position with an arm supported with pillows. It can facilitate breathing and relieves the pressure acting on diaphragm. Monitor the clients respiratory status (crackles and increased respirations) for the development of atelectasis or pneumonia to identifies fluid in lungs. Encourage the patient to deep breathe and cough. Use an incentive spirometer to maintain and monitor the respiratory function. If the cough does not loosen to expectorate reparatory secretion, patient can receive ultrasound treatment For improving gas exchange, administer oxygen and blood products as ordered. Teach the patient some breathing techniques, such as pursed-lip breathing to overcome poor breathing patterns (Lynda juall carpenito-moyet). To evaluation the outcome, treatments of ascites enable the client to breath with minimal difficulty. Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to increased pressure on stomach and intestines, feeling of fullness, poor appetite. The expected outcomes of this care plan are that patient X has appetite and he can keep or increase body weight to an ideal weight and consume sufficient nutrients. Identify deficiencies in daily intake. For nursing intervention, measure the body weight daily to monitors the weight gain or loss. Monitor hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin, total protein values for monitoring the intake of nutrients, presence of anemia, and colloidal osmotic pressure. Offer and encourage oral hygiene before meals, because poor oral hygiene may cause bad odor and taste, which can reduce appetite. Encourage the patient to rest before meals due to fatigue may decrease appetite and ability to eat. (Lynda juall carpenito-moyet) Provide small, frequent meals for patient instead of few large ones, because even distribution of intake can help to prevent feeling full and ensures enough nutritional intake. Determine food preferences and selected low or no protein and low salt (no more than 1500 mg/day of sodium). If possible, encourage the patients relative to bring permitted foods from home. Prevent constipation to reduce abdominal pressure and fullness. Administer Lactulose liquid 20mal three times a day as physi cian ordered. Plan for management after discharge, patient x should back to the old age home and have follow up by community geriatric assessment service. Recommend short the follow up clinically admission if symptomatic ascites occur. Refer PCU home care nurse for visiting and symptom assessment, and admission clinically for symptom management. Learning points After this total patient care study, I have learnt that more understand the cause and care of ascites. And know that to provide a holistic care not only physical nursing care, but also we need to care the patient mental, social, finical condition, and discharge planning Make sure patient can have a complete care after discharge. Word count: 1452 Black, J. M. Hawks, J. H. (2009). Medical-Surgical nursing: Clinical management for positive outcomes. Missouri: Saunders. George F. Longstreth MD http://www.healthline.com/adamcontent/ascites#ixzz11s5PVSzi Head-To-Toe Assessment (R. Abdomen) (Head-To-Toe Assessment (R. Abdomen), 2008) (Cirrhosis Ascites). http://www.healthcentral.com/ency/408/guides/000075_11.html

Study Of Environmental Issues Associated With Industrialization :: essays research papers

Study of Environmental Issues Associated with Industrialization   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although our industrial ways seem to be a very progressive step into the future, there are many flaws to the way many things are today. Things have definitely changed over the past century, as we can currently do things much more efficiently then before. The cost of this efficiency may seem inexpensive in many ways, however we do not realize that the cost of these new technologies do not just include money, time and labour, but it also costs us our well being as well as the beauty and comfort of our own home, earth. Ozone depletion, climate change as well as the direct effects of chemicals from industrial emissions and fuel combustion are a great threat to our planet and if nothing is done to resolve this problem soon, the results may be disastrous. There is a layer of chemicals twenty kilometers up in the stratosphere called the ozone layer. This layer protects the inhabitants of earth by reflecting much of the suns harmful ultra violet (UV) rays. Without this layer above us, many living things including humans could not survive. The ozone layer is currently depleting and the reason for this is believed to be caused by a few things. Deforestation, fertilizer use and fuel combustion are minor contributors to this problem while chemicals such as chloroflourocarbons (CFCs), halons, carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform, methyl bromide and hydrochloroflourocarbons (HCFCs) are the major contributors to the deterioration of the ozone layer. These chemicals have industrial halocarbons that break up into chlorine and bromine in the upper stratosphere when they react with the sun's rays. Chlorine eats up the ozone layer while bromine acts as a catalyst and speeds up the process. Often found in Antarctica, there are frozen chemical clouds in the upper stratosphere called polar stratospheric clouds. These polar stratospheric clouds destroy the ozone layer at a much faster pace then the industrial halocarbons. The depletion of the ozone layer is a great threat to mankind and all other living things on earth because without this layer of chemicals, we will be exposed to excess UV rays. This excess exposure can lead to many things such as malignant melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer, damage to eyes by means such as snow blindness and cataracts, which is the clouding of the eye that can eventually lead to blindness. Above all this, excessive UV exposure can lead to symptoms similar to AIDS as prolonged exposure could weaken the human immune system. As far as plants and animals go, plants may die or may not be as healthy as a result of too much UV exposure and animals will suffer

One Time Offer: Sell your Soul, Receive Eternal Life: Note: Do as I do, or Be Punished :: essays research papers

â€Å"Believe nothing just because a so-called wise person said it. Believe nothing just because a belief is generally held. Believe nothing just because it is said in ancient books. Believe nothing just because it is said to be of divine origin. Believe nothing just because someone else believes it. Believe only what you yourself test and judge to be true.† (Buddha)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We were not given the gift of life to adhere to other’s dreams, we were not born to live in the shadow of another being, and we were not bequeathed with the right of freedom to dwell on other’s visions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Has our society fallen to such contemptible levels? Are we really that misplaced, that we must look to someone else’s ways to feel whole? We must look somewhere else for guidance? That, to me, is one of the sorrowful things I have ever heard. I fear for our future; I fear that independent thought will someday begin to seize to exist. There is nothing left to fear except the persistent refusal to find out the truth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Religion; the satisfaction for your needs, a place to turn when you are too weary to continue searching for the truth. You should never believe those who claim they found truth, but only those you are still yearning for it. Religious persons do, have positive virtues, they do, have optimistic morals, but they settle for not their own vision, but someone else’s vision.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Your elders should always be respected, but just because they contain some higher ranking, does not mean that you should follow intently to what they say, and what they tell you to do. It is in your own will, and your own right, to flourish in your own visions, in your own heart.

Cats and the Cradle Analysis

‘Cats in the Cradle’ was originally recorded by Harry Chapin, in 1974, featuring in the album, Verities & Balderdash. Although originally intended to be poem, its lyrical and rhythmic nature has led to it becoming regarded as one of the most successful folk rock songs. Its success was evident with the single topping the Billboard Hot 100 in December the same year of its release. ‘Cats in the Cradle’ starts out with a natural harmony that depicts the tale of a father with his newborn son. The first verse introduces the subject matter indicating the troublesome relationship shared between father and son, â€Å"He came to the world in the usual way, but there were planes to catch and bills to pay. He learned to walk while I was away†. It is clear that although the father provides the necessities for the child, his career driven lifestyle restrains him from spending quality time with his son. The lyrics continue to follow the growth of the child in rapid stages, subtly indicating the lack of connection with the father. â€Å"My child arrived just the other day† which then moves to the second verse, â€Å"My son turned ten just the other day†. Following this path of progression, the father has now retired and can allocate time for his son. Unfortunately, a similar process is repeated as the son grows into a similar life role as his father, ringing true the recurring verse, â€Å"I'm gonna be like you Dad, you know I'm gonna be like you†¦ † The direct impact of a bad role model is made evident as the song reaches the fourth and final verse, featuring the powerful lyrics â€Å"As I hung up the phone it occurred to me he'd grown up just like me, my boy was just like me. † This line conveys the father's realizations that his behaviours have been mimicked by his son. The message is interpreted as a criticism to society identifying a common challenge each generation is facing. The songs intention is to make the listener think about the balance of time spent with the family and earning the adequate money to support their family and lifestyle for there are no second chances. Understanding, a target audience is an essential tool for many artists as all factors need to be based around that specific audience. Harry Chapin has clearly recognized his target audience and has crafted the song to appeal to those listeners. Although it is difficult to accurately define who actively listens too and enjoys ‘Cats in the Cradle’ it can be assumed based on statistics and information gathered that adults within the age bracket of 25-50 appreciate this lyrical piece. This demographic suggest that children during late 1970’s (based on the 1974 song release date) would have grown up actively hearing through various means of media specifically, Radio. Another factor is during this era folk/classic rock popularity was at its peak with numerous bands such as the The Rolling Stones, Beatles and The Who. These bands all feature a similar age demographic to Harry Chapin which aids the theory that the music children grow up with tend to be preferred during their adult years. The content of the lyrics have also been altered to identify with the target audience, many listeners feel an attachment to this song as they can relate to the characters. Harry Chapin has utilized numerous musical elements to enhance the storytelling and themes. It is catchy and interesting yet accompanied simply by an acoustic guitar that follows a steady beat. The classical nature of the song is evident through the melodic rhythm and lyrics. This steady lyrical flow leads to a staccato nature which contributes to its overall interest. The dynamics and tone are simple and follow a more solemn and steady style, with its softness conveying regret and sadness. In order to appeal to the target audience, Harry Chapin has recognized many important techniques and utilized them; The length of ‘Cats in Cradle is based around 3:20-40 which tends to be the appropriate time frame as the whole song can be played on the radio and reach a point where it becomes dull for the listener. The lyrics have been crafted for easy understanding and comprehension; therefor allowing for a broader audience to appreciate his music. Likewise, Harry has cleverly chosen simple clothing during the video clip that specifically relate to the song message to reinforce the stereotypical idea of a solemn father. There are various symbols and imagery in the lyrics. The repetitions of â€Å"the cats in the cradle† – indicate the child is at home alone – â€Å"and the silver spoon† which is a symbol of wealth the father has to earn. The â€Å"little boy blue† is the child that is sad because his father is away, while the father is represented by â€Å"the man on the moon† – the one far away who is unreachable, idealized by the child who sees the father as his male role model. These lyrical metaphors describe the pairs of opposition the song is talking about. Fortunately, the repetition does not lead to a dull or tedious song as it follows the growth of child creating an interesting story that maintains the attention of the viewer. The quick leaps of time from each verse continue to reinforce the idea that little time is spent with the child. This lack of time for the father is demonstrated in a number of lines. â€Å"He learned to walk while I was away† and â€Å"I said not today, I've got a lot to do†¦ † Harry Chapin has used classic ways of thinking and performing to enhance the listening experience including the manipulation of the subject matter and musical elements to successfully appeal to a range of audiences. The main success behind this song is a combination of numerous elements that all lead to successful and unique lyrical piece that is backed by a strong moral message.

Comparison of the Ant and the Grasshopper Essay

Some people live life like it is their last day alive, spending everything. Some other people save every penny they own. Which way of life produces a better life? What should people do with their money? In the fable, â€Å"The Ant and the Grasshopper† and the modern fable, â€Å"The Richer, the Poorer,† the main characters reflect two opposite views of how to live life. Both the ant from â€Å"The Ant and the Grasshopper,† and Lottie from â€Å"The Richer, the Poorer,† concern themselves with preparation and comforts of life. For example, the ant from â€Å"The Ant and the Grasshopper† was a very hard worker. During the summer, he worked hard, saving food for the winter. He sacrificed fun and other obstacles so he wouldn’t starve to death during winter. Likewise, Lottie is similar to the ant, even though she is human. She was a laborer, who was always trying to hold up a job. She sacrificed buying candy as a child, and saved every penny that she earned, so she could use it when she really needed it. Lottie lived a very comfortable life, and often scolded her sister, Bess, for the way Bess didn’t save money like her. Near the end of the story, Lottie lets Bess move in with her, and had to do loads of work to prepare and take care of her. Thus, these two characters plan to keep their lives secure with hard work, saving, and sacrifice. Unlike Lottie and the ant, Bess and grasshopper live for the day. For example, the Grasshopper, from â€Å"The Ant and the Grasshopper,† spent the summer singing and having fun, living his life to the fullest. Likewise, Bess, from â€Å"The Richer, the Poorer,† spends her time traveling the world. She spends every penny she earns, living life full of laughter and fun, even though she was in rags, not riches. She owns very few possessions, but still has fun with her life. These two characters live a very fun, joyful life. These four characters learn a valuable lesson. They shouldn’t work all the time so they can enjoy life later without enjoying it at the present, but they should not just spend everything they have, because they need some planning in their life so they don’t live in rags. Lottie wasted a lot of her life planning and saving for the future, while Bess lived a fun life, but had hardships in her life that Lottie never had. And had the Grasshopper prepared, he wouldn’t have had to be hungry for the winter. One should balance work and play to have the best life.

Mezzo Cammin Analysis Essay

â€Å"Mezzo Cammin† is an insightful poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. It was a poem that was written halfway through Longfellow’s life and titled as such. It follows the life of a middle aged man who is basically whining about all the things he missed out on in the past. This title comes from the first line of Dante’s divine comedy which is translated to â€Å"Midway upon the journey of our life†. Society looks at their past as if â€Å"I could have done this in my past, I missed out on this and that.† Longfellow shows that people felt like that in 1842. He uses different poetic techniques to get this â€Å"opinion† across. When he says â€Å" I have let the years slip from me† it sounds like his past self didn’t care much about the present and focused more on the future. In the next line he actually remembers the aspirations he had, no matter how inconceivable and impossible they are. What holds him from completing these tasks even now, he describes as a â€Å"sorrow and a care that almost killed†. Sorrow usually doesn’t hold people back from things that they wanted to do in their past, we start to see separation of him from society, a slight oddity in him. The next line uses lots of imagery and shows us that he looks at life like a hill. One side has his gloomy city. This city has two different feelings about it, one is a mellow and slight happy feeling, quite dull. The other feeling is that of work, and bustling cities. A waterfall of death is on the other side, descending from the sky. He stands at the exact middle of the two. The speaker behind this poem has a huge ego. He has not cared once about anyone else besides himself and his future. This might contribute to his careless behavior in the past, he has no drive to do anything because none of the big things to do affected him beneficially. He might of also had no drive because of the things he inspired to be were too outrageous and he didn’t want to put himself under the intensive work to become the next â€Å"prime minister† or â€Å"supreme leader†. Again his ego coming into play, all about him. This whining man is very clear about his outlook on life. Longfellow shows how much this man’s ego/procrastination has put him in the emotional gutters. He also gives a pretty blunt approach to life. You work, you regret, you die.

Home School V Public School Essay

There are numerous advantages and disadvantages to both home schooling and public schooling. The following essay will compare and contrast many of these reasons. Every parent should consider all of the advantages and disadvantages when deciding on the education of their children and where they will receive it. As a parent, one of the hardest decisions you will have to make is having to know how your children will get their education, and where they are going to receive it. Between home schooling and public schooling, there are many advantages and disadvantages a parent must think of before deciding where to send their children. Parents must decide on what they and their children would prefer and what would work best for their household and their lifestyle. There are some benefits to home schooling, but the disadvantages may surpass the benefits, which in turn, could prove very harmful to the child. Being home schooled tends to hurt ones social development, because they are able to hide from the chaos, pressures, and stress of life. By not being in a public school, they are separated from society and their peers. Being in public school, you have a chance of more opportunities, such as riding the school bus. My three year old daughter is in preschool, and riding the bus is one thing she looks forward to every day. Being home schooled means you are always stuck at home with just your parents. This hinders a persons social development, because they are missing important interactions with their peers. Public schooled children get to know the facility, classmates, and other children in the school. Having these people around you everyday for years and years creates a path for deep relationships. Having a routine of seeing the same people around you day after day means you will have meaningful and deep relationships. These relationships will follow you for years to come. You will always look back and think about the people you went to school with. On the other hand, there are many groups centered around home schooled children. My five cousins know many other home schooled children because of these said groups. One of the biggest disadvantages of public schooling is the teacher to student ratio. In bigger schools, there may not be as much one-on-one interactions, and this can prove harmful to a child’s education. In my public high school this was not a problem, because we were a smaller school with many teachers. For some student’s they may need the one-on-one help to ensure they understand what is being taught to them. Some children may do fine with a higher teacher to student ratio, but it depends on each individual child. Distractions in public school is also a disadvantage, because for some children, being distracted may cause them to fail. No parent wants their child to fail in anything. Being home schooled allows a child to create a schedule that works best for them. There are benefits to establishing a personal schedule, such as sleeping later and having more free time. They will, in all, waste less time because their schooling is centered purely around the child and their needs. They can learn at a speed that works best for them, and can concentrate more time on any weaknesses. With not having the distractions like public schools have, home schooled students are better able to avoid peer pressure. Even with all of the advantages of home schooling, it can also be harmful and damaging to the child’s growth as an adult. If one gets use to the one-on-one attention, it could hinder them greatly. If they stop getting this one-on-one attention, they may fall behind in the business and adult world. Not having a structured environment that public schools provide, home schooled students may not know how to deal with deadlines and rules. This may hurt the students in their adult and businesses life. In order to make it through life, one must know how to follow rules and how to work under pressure. Because there is less chaos and stress in a home schooled environment, one had less experience in handling pressure. Therefore, home schooled students are less attractive to businesses. The lack of pressure and guidelines will hinder a person attempting to get a professional job, because they have not had to listen and do as they say in a home schooled environment. However, if a parent knows the importance of deadlines and rules, they may still enforce them at a home schooled environment. It all depends on the parent and their children. One of the advantages of home schooling is not having to follow a certain lesson plan as you would in a typical public school setting. With public schooling, the students have to follow a certain lesson plan set forth by the teacher. With having this set lesson plan, the student may already know what is being taught. Therefore, there is a bunch of filler homework in public school. Having had gone to public school with a girl who got pregnant during high school, I know this information through her. She dropped out because of the birth of her son, and began home schooling herself. If she had stayed in public school, she would not have graduated until the spring of 2008. However, because she was not having to follow a lesson plan set forth by a teacher, she was able to graduate in the spring of 2007. She was able to get right down to what she needed to learn and skip all of the filler homework. By the time she would have graduated staying in public school, she was already through her first year of university. In conclusion, for a parent deciding whether to put their children in public school or home schooling them, needs to take the individual child in to prospective. Each child and their mentality are different. Therefore, each child will respond to different schooling in their own way. There are numerous advantages and disadvantages to both ways of schooling. Each parent needs to take all of these in to prospective when deciding how and where their children get their education.

How does globalisation impact on the management of Chinese firms Essay

How does globalisation impact on the management of Chinese firms - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the Chinese society is generally considered to be guided by traditional norms and values. The Chinese business culture is unique, traditional and conservative by nature. Chinese business culture is large influenced by the ‘guanxi’ system. According to this system, ‘special relationships’ are given exceptional preference for establishing business connections. Therefore, very close relationships (such as family relationships) receive special attention in the business world, while the level of importance declines with distance in the relationship among networking individuals. However, the business environment is changing fast at the global level and the Chinese business culture is also changing fast along with the changing pattern of global business. Before the economic crisis of 2008, China’s economy grew at the rate of more than 11 percent. In this context, it is imperative to identify the key thrust tha t gears up the economy. In China, there are three types of firms; large private-owned firms, large state-owned firms and small family-run (private owned) firms operating inside and outside the Chinese border. Globalization has cast a significant effect on the economic activities of the Chinese economy. The biggest trend can be noticed in the form of international expansion of the small privately owned Chinese firms. Globalization is the intricate concept that covers a vast area including the economy, business, financial structure, culture and society and overall development of the small and large business corporations. It is the result of intensified of global networks that improve interconnectedness among the different economic agents and within the sectors. Since the effect of globalization is varied, it casts different effects on the different sectors of the economy. Hence any singular aspect of globalization cannot describe this gigantic phenomenon. Through globalization, intera ction takes place among diverse communities that leads to exchange of cultural and commercial attributes. Domestic cultures and businesses of the emerging economies evolve, adapt and modernize along with the incoming flow of foreign culture and practices. Six different aspects of globalization can be identified through in-depth study of the characteristics of the Chinese economy and business activities. These aspects are mentioned below: Faster rate of capital and information flow Improvement in modes of interaction and intensification of different connections Expansion and extension of cultural, social and political practices Greater level of interdependence between the global and local landscapes Greater effect of the western culture and practices on emerging economies of the developing countries Customisation of foreign ideas according to values embedded in domestic economies All these factors affect the small privately owned family businesses in China. The major benefits receive d by small firms as a result of globalization are increased technological knowledge, better ways of production and cheaper products. Rate of flow of capital and information, labour and goods has increased as a result of globalization. This is because, under globalization, channels of communication have increased and have become highly advanced.